install_mysql

1、配置YUM源

在MySQL官网中下载YUM源rpm安装包:http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/

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# 下载mysql源安装包
shell> wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
# 安装mysql源
shell> yum localinstall mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm

检查mysql源是否安装成功

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shell> yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"

所示表示安装成功

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mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community                  51
mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community 63
mysql80-community/x86_64 MySQL 8.0 Community Server 17

2、安装MySQL

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shell> yum install mysql-community-server

3、启动MySQL服务

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shell> systemctl start mysqld

查看MySQL的启动状态

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● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2018-06-14 00:11:49 EDT; 5min ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 9020 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 9037 (mysqld)
Status: "SERVER_OPERATING"
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─9037 /usr/sbin/mysqld

Jun 14 00:11:48 host.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Jun 14 00:11:49 host.localdomain systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

4、开机启动

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shell> systemctl enable mysqld
shell> systemctl daemon-reload

5、修改root默认密码

mysql安装完成之后,在/var/log/mysqld.log文件中给root生成了一个默认密码。通过下面的方式找到root默认密码,然后登录mysql进行修改:

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shell> grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
shell> mysql -uroot -p
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!';
或者

mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost'=password('MyNewPass4!');

注意:mysql5.7默认安装了密码安全检查插件(validate_password),默认密码检查策略要求密码必须包含:大小写字母、数字和特殊符号,并且长度不能少于8位。否则会提示ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements错误,如下图所示:
通过msyql环境变量可以查看密码策略的相关信息:

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mysql> show variables like '%password%';
  • validate_password_policy:密码策略,默认为MEDIUM策略
  • validate_password_dictionary_file:密码策略文件,策略为STRONG才需要
  • validate_password_length:密码最少长度
  • validate_password_mixed_case_count:大小写字符长度,至少1个
  • validate_password_number_count :数字至少1个
  • validate_password_special_char_count:特殊字符至少1个

上述参数是默认策略MEDIUM的密码检查规则。

共有以下几种密码策略:

策略 检查规则
0 or LOW Length
1 or MEDIUM Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters
2 or STRONG Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters; dictionary file

MySQL官网密码策略详细说明:http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/validate-password-options-variables.html#sysvar_validate_password_policy

修改密码策略

在/etc/my.cnf文件添加validate_password_policy配置,指定密码策略

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# 选择0(LOW),1(MEDIUM),2(STRONG)其中一种,选择2需要提供密码字典文件
validate_password_policy=0

如果不需要密码策略,添加my.cnf文件中添加如下配置禁用即可:

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validate_password = off

重新启动mysql服务使配置生效:

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systemctl restart mysqld

6、添加远程登录用户

默认只允许root帐户在本地登录,如果要在其它机器上连接mysql,必须修改root允许远程连接,或者添加一个允许远程连接的帐户,为了安全起见,我添加一个新的帐户:

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mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'yangxin'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'Yangxin0917!' WITH GRANT OPTION;

7、配置默认编码为utf8

修改/etc/my.cnf配置文件,在[mysqld]下添加编码配置,如下所示:

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[mysqld]
character_set_server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'

重新启动mysql服务,查看数据库默认编码如下所示:

默认配置文件路径:

  • 配置文件:/etc/my.cnf
  • 日志文件:/var/log//var/log/mysqld.log
  • 服务启动脚本:/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
  • socket文件:/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid